A sentence consists of a subject and a predicate. Take the sentence
My grandmother had a very large old apartment in Uppsala.
The sentence here talks about ‘the grandmother’. ‘The grandmother’ is the subject of the sentence.
What is said about the subject ‘grandmother’ is the predicate of the sentence. ‘had a very large old apartment in Uppsala’ is the predicate.
Generally a sentence begins with the subject.
The predicate begins with a verb. ‘had’ is the verb in the example above.
The subject answers the question ‘who’ or ‘what’ before the verb. Question: ‘Who had?’ Answer: ‘the grandmother had’.
The object of a sentence generally comes after the verb. It answers the question ‘what’ after the verb. ‘Had what?’ ‘had an apartment’ is the answer.
‘Apartment’ is the object of the sentence. The word ‘apartment’ has an article and two adjectives preceding it. ‘a very large old apartment’; the word ‘very’ is an intensifier for the adjective ‘large’.
We are also given information about the location of the apartment, ‘in Uppsala’. This is a prepositional phrase and consists of a preposition and a noun.
‘in Uppsala’ is an adjunct. It gives additional information.